Electrical Measurements MCQs – Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance ( Electrical Measurements ) MCQs

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Electrical Measurements MCQs – Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance ( Electrical Measurements ) MCQs

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Introduction to AC Bridges

1. In the simplest form, an AC bridge consists of ____________
a) arms, source and a detector
b) arms and source
c) source and detector
d) arms and detector
Answer: a
Explanation: In its simplest form, an AC bridge consists of four arms, a source for excitation and a null detector. The source is connected across a pair of arms while the detector is connected to the pair of opposite arms.

2. Source is ________
a) dc supply
b) ac supply
c) mixed mode supply
d) high voltage supply
Answer: b
Explanation: For an AC bridge we require an AC supply as the source of voltage. It supplies AC voltage at the required frequency.

3. At high frequency, source consists of ________
a) amplifiers
b) regulators
c) oscillators
d) op amps
Answer: c
Explanation: Op amps are basically differential amplifiers. Amplifiers are used in analog circuits for increasing the strength of the signal. Electronic oscillators form sources at high frequencies.

4. Commonly used balance detectors for AC bridges are headphones, tuned amplifiers and vibration galvanometers.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Headphones, tuned amplifier circuits and vibration galvanometers are used for detecting the balance condition in AC bridges.

5. What is the frequency range for a headphone as a detector?
a) 20 Hz to 20 kHz
b) 10 kHz to 1 MHz
c) 10 MHz to 1 GHz
d) 250 Hz to 4 kHz
Answer: d
Explanation: Headphones can be used as detectors in AC bridges in the low audio frequency range. Low audio frequency range varies from 250 Hz to 4 KHz.

6. For single frequency value, the most sensitive detector is ________
a) tuned detector
b) vibration galvanometer
c) headphone
d) oscillator
Answer: a
Explanation: Vibration galvanometer is used for detecting the balance condition. Oscillator is used as a source of supply voltage. Tuned detector is the most sensitive detector for a single frequency value.

7. Tuned detectors are used in the frequency range of ________
a) 1 Hz to 100 Hz
b) 10 Hz to 100 Hz
c) 1 kHz to 100 kHz
d) 1 MHz to 100 MHz
Answer: b
Explanation: Tuned amplifier circuits are used as detectors in the low frequency range. Low frequency range usually ranges from 10 Hz to 100 Hz in AC bridges.

8. Vibration galvanometers are used for ________
a) very high frequency
b) very low frequency
c) low audio frequency
d) high audio frequency
Answer: c
Explanation: Vibration galvanometers are used as detectors in AC bridges for low audio frequency. Low audio frequency ranges from 5 Hz to 1000 Hz.

9. AC bridge is an outcome of ________
a) Kelvin bridge
b) Megger
c) De Sauty bridge
d) Wheatstone bridge
Answer: d
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest form of bridge for the measurement of resistance and forms the basis for an AC bridge. Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement of low resistance and a megger is used for the measurement of high resistances.

Sources and Detectors

1. At very low frequencies in a AC bridge, the source is _________
a) power line
b) e.m.f
c) galvanometer
d) tuned circuit
Answer: a
Explanation: Galvanometer is used for detecting the balance condition. The power line acts as a source of supply for bridge measurements in an AC bridge circuit at very low frequencies.

2. At high frequencies in an AC bridge, the source is _______
a) tuned amplifiers
b) oscillators
c) vibration galvanometer
d) high voltage source
Answer: b
Explanation: Tuned amplifiers are used as a source of voltage in AC bridges. Electronic oscillators are used as a source of supply for bridge measurements in an AC bridge circuit at high frequencies.

3. The frequency range of a typical oscillator is _______
a) 1 Hz to 50 Hz
b) 1 kHz to 100 KHz
c) 40 Hz to 125 kHz
d) 1 MHz to 150 MHz
Answer: c
Explanation: An oscillator has a frequency range slightly above the audio frequency. A typical oscillator has a frequency range of 40 Hz to 125 kHz.

4. The power output for a typical oscillator is _______
a) 1 kW
b) 1 MW
c) 1 mW
d) 7 W
Answer: d
Explanation: Oscillator usually has a low power output. A typical oscillator has a power output of around 7 W.

Measurement Of Resistance MCQs

5. The output waveform in an oscillator is _______
a) sinusoidal
b) cosinusoidal
c) tangential
d) logarithmic
Answer: a
Explanation: AC supply is generally in the form of sinusoidal signal. In an electronic oscillator, output waveform is very close to sinusoidal.

6. The output frequency of an oscillator is _______
a) unstable and fixed
b) stable and adjustable
c) stable and fixed
d) unstable and variable
Answer: b
Explanation: In an electronic oscillator, the output frequency is stable. It can be determined accurately and is also adjustable.

7. The output power of an oscillator is not enough to drive power circuits.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Power circuits generally require a low output in order to function. An electronic oscillator provides sufficient output power to drive power circuits.

8. Tuned amplifiers can be set to _______
a) low frequencies
b) high frequencies
c) any frequency
d) audio frequencies
Answer: c
Explanation: Tuning refers to varying a parameter. Tuned amplifier circuits can be set to any desired frequency.

9. Tuned amplifier circuits respond to broad bandwidth at bridge frequency.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Amplifiers can be used to detect the balance condition in AC bridges. Tuned amplifier circuits consist of transistors that respond to a narrow bandwidth at the bridge frequency.

Bridge Balance Equation

1. Bridge balance equation for magnitude is given by which of the following relation?
a) Z₁ Z₄ = Z₂ Z₃
b) Z₁ Z₂ = Z₃ Z₄
c) Z₂ Z₄ = Z₁ Z₃
d) Z₁ Z₃ = Z₂ Z₄
Answer: a
Explanation: In an AC bridge, the balance condition for magnitude is given by the equation
Z1 Z4 = Z2 Z3
where, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are the impedance arms of the AC bridge circuit.

2. Angular balance equation is given by which of the following relation?
a) θ₁ × θ₄ = θ₂ × θ₃
b) θ₁ + θ₄ = θ₂ + θ₃
c) θ₂ + θ₄ = θ₁ + θ₃
d) θ₂ × θ₄ = θ₁ × θ₃
Answer: b
Explanation: The angular balance condition in an AC bridge is given by the relation
θ1 + θ4 = θ2 + θ3
Where,
θ1, θ2, θ3 and θ4 are the phase angles of the impedances Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4.

3. Bridge must be balanced for ________
a) magnitude
b) angle
c) magnitude and angle
d) power
Answer: c
Explanation: The ratio arms consist of impedances which have magnitude as well as phase. In an AC bridge, balance condition implies magnitude balance as well as angular balance.

4. Phase angle is based on _______
a) source
b) detector
c) power
d) impedance
Answer: d
Explanation: The four ratio arms comprise of impedances which consist of not only magnitude but some phase as well. Value of the phase angles are based on the component of individual impedances.

5. For inductive impedances, the phase angle is _______
a) positive
b) negative
c) zero
d) exponential
Answer: a
Explanation: The current through an inductor does not increase instantaneously. For inductive impedances, the voltage leads the current and as a result the phase angle is positive.

6. For capacitive impedances, the phase angle is _______
a) tangential
b) negative
c) positive
d) logarithmic
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage across a capacitor does not rise instantaneously. For capacitive impedances, the current leads the voltage and as a result the phase angle is negative.

7. Bridge balance equation for magnitude in terms of admittances is given by the relation.
a) Y₁Y₃ = Y₂Y₄
b) Y₁Y₂ = Y₃Y₄
c)Y₁Y₄ = Y₂Y₃
d) Y₁ Y₃ = Y₂ Y₄
Answer: c
Explanation: Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance. The balance condition for magnitude is given by the equation

8. When a bridge is balanced?
a) no voltage drop across the circuit
b) power dissipation is high
c) temperature of the circuit is high
d) no current flows
Answer: d
Explanation: At balance condition, no current flows through the headphones present in the AC bridge circuit. As a result the detector indicates null deflection at balance condition.

Capacitance Comparison Bridge

1. In a capacitance bridge, the arms are _________
a) resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) mixture of resistance, capacitance and inductance
Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitance bridge is mainly used for the measurement of unknown capacitance. The ratio arms in a capacitance bridge are resistive in nature.

2. How is the bridge balanced?
a) using resistance R₁
b) using resistance R₃
c) through capacitance C₃
d) through capacitance C_x
Answer: b
Explanation: Bridge balance is obtained by varying the resistance R3. At balance we get the value of the unknown resistance as Rx = ^R1 R3⁄R2.

3. Impedance Z4 consists of _________
a) resistance R_x
b) capacitance C_x
c) combination of capacitance Cx and resistance Rx
d) consists of a detector
Answer: c
Explanation: Ratio arm Z₄ consists of the unknown impedance. Impedance Z₄ consists of capacitance C_x in series with a leakage resistance R_x.

4. Impedance Z₃ consists of_________
a) resistance R₃
b) capacitance C₃
c) vibration galvanometer
d) capacitance C₃ in series with resistance R₃
Answer: d
Explanation: Impedance usually refers to the combination of resistance and either capacitance or inductance. As we are considering the case of capacitance measurement, impedance Z₃ comprises capacitance C₃ in series with resistance R₃.

5. Unknown capacitance value is obtained by _________
a) comparison with standard
b) using a tuned detector
c) using capacitance of other ratio arms
d) using a vibration galvanometer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tuned circuit is used for detecting balance condition. Vibration galvanometer is used for the same purpose. Unknown value of capacitance is obtained by comparing it with a standard value.

Measurement Of Resistance MCQs

6. Unknown resistance is obtained by using which of the following relation?
a) R_x = R1R3R2
b) R_x = R2R3R1
c) R_x = R2R1R3
d) R_x = R2R1
Answer: b
Explanation: The value of the unknown resistance is obtained by using the relation
R_x = R2R3R1
at balance condition.

7. Unknown capacitance is found by using which of the following relation?
a) C_x = C3R2R1
b) C_x = C3R2
c) C_x = C3R1R2
d) C_x = R1R2
Answer: c
Explanation: The value of unknown capacitance is found using the relation C_x = C3R1R2 at balance condition.

8. Actual balance condition can be obtained by _________
a) varying R₁
b) varying R₃
c) varying R₂
d) varying R₁ and R₃
Answer: d
Explanation: Resistances R₁ and R₃ are variable, while resistance R₂ is fixed. By varying the resistances R₁ and R₃, we get the actual balance condition.

Inductance Comparison Bridge

1. Inductance comparison bridge is used to compute _________
a) unknown inductance and resistance
b) unknown resistance
c) unknown inductance
d) unknown capacitance
Answer: a
Explanation: By making use of an inductance comparison bridge, the values of unknown inductance and its internal resistance can be determined.

2. Ratio arms of the bridge consists of _________
a) pure inductances
b) pure resistances
c) pure capacitances
d) inductance and capacitance
Answer: b
Explanation: An inductance comparison bridge is basically used to compute the unknown resistance and inductance values. Ratio arms of an inductance bridge consists of pure resistances.

3. Value of unknown resistance is found by using which of the following relation?
a) R_x = R1R3R2
b) R_x = R2R1R3
c) R_x = R2R3R1
d) R_x = R2R1
Answer: c
Explanation: The inductance comparison bridge mainly consists of pure resistances in its ratio arm. The value of unknown resistance is given by the relation R_x = R2R3R1.

4. The value of unknown inductance is found by using which of the following relation?
a) L_x = R1L3R2
b) L_x = R2R1
c) L_x = L3R1
d) L_x = R2L3R1
Answer: d
Explanation: At balance condition in an inductance comparison bridge, the value of unknown inductance is found by using the relation L_x = R2L3R1.

5. Inductance control is obtained by _________
a) using R₂
b) using R₁
c) using R₃
d) using L_x
Answer: a
Explanation: In an inductance comparison bridge, the resistance R₂ and R₃ are variable. The value of resistance R₂ is varied so as to control the inductance of the bridge.

6. Bridge depends on frequency.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In an inductance comparison bridge, the balance equation is independent of frequency. As a result the bridge balance condition remains unaffected by variation in the value of frequency.

7. Bridge can be used at audio frequency.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: An inductance comparison bridge can be used for measurement of unknown inductance at a wide range of audio frequencies in the order of a few Hz to KHz.

8. Bridge is used for the measurement of _________
a) high Q factor
b) medium Q factor
c) low Q factor
d) very low Q factor
Answer: b
Explanation: The inductance comparison bridge is used for the measurement of low Q factor values of the order of 1 to 10. It cannot be used for the measurement of Q factors below 1. As a result, the bridge is used for the measurement of medium Q factor values.

Anderson Bridge, Advantages & Disadvantages of Anderson Bridge

1. Anderson bridge is used for _________
a) the measurement of self-inductance
b) the measurement of resistance
c) the measurement of capacitance
d) the measurement of impedance
Answer: a
Explanation: The Anderson bridge is one of the important bridges used for the measurement of self-inductances in terms of standard capacitance value. Resistance is usually measured by making use of a Wheatstone’s bridge or Kelvin’s double bridge.

2. Anderson bridge is a modified form of ________
a) Wheatstone’s bridge
b) Maxwell bridge
c) Kelvin double bridge
d) Schering bridge
Answer: b
Explanation: The Anderson’s bridge is a modified form of Maxwell’s bridge which is used for the measurement of self-inductances in terms of standard capacitance value. Wheatstone bridge and Kelvin bridge are used for the measurement of medium and low resistances respectively.

3. Anderson’s bridge is basically used for ________
a) measurement of capacitance
b) measurement of resistance
c) measurement of inductance
d) measurement of voltage
Answer: c
Explanation: Anderson’s bridge is used basically for the precise measurement of self-inductances in terms of a standard capacitance value over a wide range of values.

4. Balance equation for computing the inductance is ________
a) L_x = R₃ R₅
b) L_x = CR₅
c) L_x = CR₃
d) L_x = CR₃ R₅
Answer: d
Explanation: The balance equation for computing the self-inductance in an Anderson’s bridge is given by the equation, Lx = CR3 R5.
where, C is the standard capacitance
R3 and R5 are the known non-inductive resistances.

5. Which of the following is a balance equation for computing the resistance?
a) R₁ = ^R₂ R₃⁄_R4
b) R₁ = ^R₂ ⁄ _R4
c) R₁ = ^R₃ ⁄ _R4
d) R₁ = R₂ R₃
Answer: a
Explanation: The balance equation for computing the resistance in an Anderson’s bridge is given by the equation R1 = ^R2 R3⁄R4.
where, R2, R3 and R4 are the known non-inductive resistances.

6. When the capacitor used is imperfect, the inductance value changes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: For an imperfect capacitor used in the Anderson bridge, the value of inductance remains unaffected. The value of R₁ changes.

7. Anderson’s bridge is used for the measurement of capacitance.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: When a calibrated self-inductance is available, the value of unknown capacitance can be computed by making use of Anderson’s bridge.

8. Anderson’s bridge is used for the measurement of ________
a) capacitance
b) resistance
c) inductance
d) impedance
Answer: a
Explanation: Anderson’s bridge is used for the measurement of capacitance. Unknown capacitance value can be measured accurately in terms of the self-inductance of one of the ratio arms of the bridge.

9. Anderson’s bridge makes use of a variable capacitance.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge makes use of a fixed capacitance value. Most of the other AC bridges used for the measurement of either capacitance, inductance or impedance make use of a variable capacitance.

10. Anderson’s bridge is very basic.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is basically used for the measurement of unknown capacitance value in terms of the self-inductance of one of the standard ratio arms. It is a complex bridge comprising of equivalent star-delta networks for computation of resistance and inductance.

11. Bridge balance equations are ________
a) easy to derive
b) independent of the components
c) complex in nature
d) real in nature
Answer: c
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is basically used for the measurement of unknown capacitance value in terms of the self-inductance of one of the ratio arms. It consists of real as well as complex terms. It also comprises of star-delta equivalent networks for impedance computations.

12. Components in an Anderson’s bridge are ________
a) less
b) zero
c) intermediate
d) more
Answer: d
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a complex type of bridge used basically for the measurement of unknown capacitance. It consists of several resistances, inductances and capacitances in the ratio arms.

13. Anderson’s bridge ________
a) can’t be shielded
b) can be fully shielded
c) can be partially shielded
d) can be shielded based on the components used
Answer: a
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a complex circuit and a modified form of the Maxwell bridge. An Anderson’s bridge cannot be shielded due to the presence of an additional junction point.

14. What is the significance of Anderson bridge with respect to Q factor?
a) difficult to balance the bridge
b) easy to balance the bridge
c) intermediate balance can be achieved
d) no balance can be done
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a modified form of the Maxwell bridge and is used for the measurement of unknown capacitance in terms of self-inductance of standard value. It is easy to achieve balance condition in an Anderson bridge.

15. An Anderson’s bridge can be used to ________
a) measure mutual inductance
b) measure impedance
c) measure self inductance
d) measure stray capacitance
Answer: c
Explanation: An Anderson bridge can be used for the measurement of the self-inductance of a coil. A coil with unknown capacitance can be used to determine its self-inductance by making use of an Anderson bridge.

Electrical Measurements MCQs – Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance ( Electrical Measurements ) MCQs