Ferrous Metal, Non-Ferrous Metal And Heat Treatment ( Manufacturing Engineering – I ) MCQs – Mechanical Engineering MCQs
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Mechanical Engineering MCQs – Ferrous Metal, Non-Ferrous Metal And Heat Treatment ( Manufacturing Engineering – I ) MCQs
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Ferrous Metal
1. Pig iron is a product of ____________
a) Cupola
b) Bessemer converter
c) Open hearth furnace
d) Blast furnace
Answer: d
Explanation: Blast furnace when smelted iron ore in it, produces pig iron. Pig iron has a carbon content, typically 3.5-4.5%, which makes it brittle, thus of less industrial use.
2. Cast iron is a product of ___________
a) Cupola
b) Bessemer converter
c) Open hearth furnace
d) Blast furnace
Answer: a
Explanation: The cupola furnace (a modified blast furnace) can be used to melt cast irons, bronzes, etc. Cast irons have a carbon content of 2-4%, and have low melting temperatures, which makes them easily castable.
3. Wrought iron is a product of ___________
a) Cupola
b) Bessemer converter
c) Puddling furnace
d) Blast furnace
Answer: c
Explanation: The puddling furnace creates wrought iron (nearly pure iron) from the pig iron. The wrought iron is tougher and malleable.
4. Steel is a product of ___________
a) Cupola
b) Blast furnace
c) Puddling furnace
d) Bessemer converter
Answer: d
Explanation: The Bessemer converter was the first inexpensive furnace to make steel in olden days. The fundamental idea is, removal of impurities from iron and making steel by oxidizing. Open hearth furnace has taken over Bessemer process due to its nitrogen control in steel.
5. Red hardness of an alloy steel can be improved by adding ____________
a) Tungsten
b) Vanadium
c) Manganese
d) Titanium
Answer: a
Explanation: Red hardness means capability of material to retain hardness at high temperature. It can be achieved for steel when alloyed high high melting metals like, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and chromium, etc.
6. Abrasion resistance of an alloy steel can be improved by adding ___________
a) Tungsten
b) Vanadium
c) Manganese
d) Chromium
Answer: d
Explanation: Chromium is generally added to steel to increase corrosion resistance and oxidation, to increase hardenability, to improve high-temperature strength, and to improve abrasion resistance in high-carbon compositions. The formation of hexagonal Cr7C3 is responsible for this abrasion resistance to steel.
7. Wear resistance of an alloy steel can be improved by adding ___________
a) Tungsten
b) Vanadium
c) Manganese
d) Titanium
Answer: c
Explanation: Manganese is normally present in all commercial steels. High levels of manganese presence produces an austenitic steel with improved wear and abrasion resistance.
8. Corrosion resistance of an alloy steel can be improved by adding ___________
a) Tungsten
b) Vanadium
c) Chromium
d) Titanium
Answer: c
Explanation: Chromium when added in the range 10.5%-18% in weight to steel, forms a passive oxide layer (Cr2O3), thus transforming steel to a corrosion resistant steel (stainless steel).
9. Tensile strength of an alloy steel can be improved by adding ____________
a) Nickel
b) Vanadium
c) Manganese
d) Titanium
Answer: a
Explanation: Nickel can improve tensile strength as well as toughness of alloy steel. Small additions of niobium (Nb) also increases the tensile strength of carbon steel.
10. Which of the following induces fine grain distribution in alloy steel?
a) Nickel
b) Vanadium
c) Manganese
d) Titanium
Answer: b
Explanation: After Al, vanadium if by far the mostly used grain refiner in steel. It forms a microscopic precipitate particle in steel, which acts as pinning agents, thus obstruct the grain growth at higher temperatures, encouraging new grains to nucleate.
Non-Ferrous Metal
1. Alloy of copper and zinc is known as __________
a) Brass
b) Bronze
c) Duralumin
d) Nichrome
Answer: a
Explanation: Brass is a substitutional alloy of copper and zinc. It has many useful properties, such as low melting point, workability, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, etc.
2. Alloy of Ni and Fe is termed as ___________
a) Brass
b) Bronze
c) Duralumin
d) Invar
Answer: d
Explanation: Invar is an alloy of nickel and iron generically known as FeNi36. It has low thermal expansion coefficient.
Crystallography And Defects In Solid MCQs
3. Major constituent of the gun metal is ____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Iron
d) Zinc
Answer: a
Explanation: Gun metal (also known as red brass) contains 83% Cu and 2% Zn and 10% Sn.
4. Major constituent of Muntz metal is _____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Iron
d) Zinc
Answer: a
Explanation: Mutz metal contains 60% Cu and 40% Zn. It is commonly used in architectural applications.
5. Major constituent of the Nichrome is _____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Iron
d) Zinc
Answer: b
Explanation: Nichrome contains 80% Ni and 20% Cr. Nichrome mostly used as a resistant wire and in dental fillings.
6. Major constituent of Constantan alloy is ____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Iron
d) Zinc
Answer: a
Explanation: Constantan (also known as Eureka/Ferry) contains 60% Cu and 40% Ni. It finds its mainly in thermocouples and has strong negative seebeck coefficient above 0oC.
7. Major constituent of Elektron alloy is ____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Magnesium
d) Zinc
Answer: c
Explanation: Elektron contains 3-12% aluminum and 2% zinc, 0.03% manganese and rest is magnesium. It is very light alloy and used where weight is the major consideration in design.
8. Which of the following alloy is widely used in thermo couples?
a) Brass
b) Bronze
c) Duralumin
d) Nichrome
Answer: d
Explanation: Nichrome contains 80% Ni and 20% Cr. It is used mostly in thermocouples and in strain gauges.
9. Major constituent of Duralumin alloy is ____________
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Iron
d) Aluminum
Answer: d
Explanation: Duralumin is the age hardenable alloy of aluminium alloyed mainly with copper and with manganese and magnesium. Being a lightweight alloy, duralumin finds its use widely in aerospace industry.
10. What is the approximate percentage of Lead in soft solder?
a) 60
b) 50
c) 90
d) 99.02
Answer: b
Explanation: Soft solder is the eutectic alloy of 50% Pb and 50% Sn, having a melting point of 450oC.
Heat Treatment
1. Which of the following is the hardest constituent of steel?
a) Ledeburite
b) Austenite
c) Bainite
d) Martensite
Answer: d
Explanation: Martensite is the hardest constituent of steel. The primary reasons accounting for this could be, the internal strains within BCC iron due to the excess carbon presence and due to the plastic deformation of parent FCC iron (austenite) surrounding the martensitic plate. Rate of cooling and the amount of carbon percentage in steel are directly proportional to the amount of hardness achieved in martensitic transformation.
2. Iron possesses BCC crystal structure up to (in degree centigrade)?
a) 1539
b) 768
c) 910
d) 1410
Answer: b
Explanation: Pure iron possess either BCC or FCC crystal structure as its temperature is increased from room temperature to its melting point. At room temperature to 910oC, it is having BCC, between 910oC and 1410oC it is having face centered cubic, and from 1410oC to its melting point (1539oC) it returns to its BCC crystal structure.
3. Iron possesses BCC crystal structure above (in degree centigrade)?
a) 1539
b) 768
c) 910
d) 1410
Answer: d
Explanation: From 1410oC to its melting point (1539oC) iron is having BCC crystal structure.
4. Iron possesses FCC crystal structure above (in degree centigrade)?
a) 1539
b) 768
c) 910
d) 1410
Answer: c
Explanation: Between 910oC and 1410oC iron is having face centered cubic crystal structure.
5. Which of the following form of iron is magnetic in nature?
a) α
b) δ
c) γ
d) λ
Answer: a
Explanation: The alpha form of iron is magnetic and stable at all temperatures below 910oC.
6. For steel, which one of the following properties can be enhanced upon annealing?
a) Hardness
b) Toughness
c) Ductility
d) Resilience
Answer: c
Explanation: A furnace cooling technique, annealing will enhance the ductility of steel, due to the formation of coarse pearlite.
7. In Annealing, cooling is done in which of the following medium?
a) Air
b) Water
c) Oil
d) Furnace
Answer: d
Explanation: In annealing, after solutionising, material is used to furnace cool, means furnace is switched off and the steel sample inside is let cool down.
8. In normalizing, cooling is done in which of the following medium?
a) Air
b) Water
c) Oil
d) Furnace
Answer: a
Explanation: In normalizing, steel is heat treated above its critical temperature, solutionised, and then allowed to cool for a long time by keeping it in air. In steel, it forms fine pearlite, which imparts strength to steel.
9. Mild steel can be converted into high carbons steel by which of the following heat treatment process?
a) Annealing
b) Normalizing
c) Case hardening
d) Nitriding
Answer: c
Explanation: Case hardening, also referred as carburizing increases carbon content of steel, thus, imparting hardness to steel.
10. Upon annealing, eutectoid steel converts to which of the following?
a) Perlite
b) Cementite
c) Austenite
d) Martensite
Answer: a
Explanation: Eutectoid steels upon annealing produces pearlite (coarse pearlite). Pearlite is an alternate lamellae of ferrite and cementite.